Njengoba zingaphansi kwengcindezi ehlala ikhuphuka yokuncintisana endaweni yezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe eyinselele, izinkampani zemithi ne-biotech kufanele ziqhubeke zisungula izinhlelo zazo ze-R&D ukuze zihlale ngaphambi komdlalo.
Ukuqanjwa kwangaphandle kuza ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi kuqhamuka ezindaweni ezahlukene - kusukela kumalebhu amanyuvesi, kuya ezinhlanganweni ezizimele ezisekelwa yimali kanye nezinhlangano zocwaningo lwenkontileka (ama-CRO). Ake sifinyelele ekubuyekezeni ezinye zezitayela zocwaningo ezinethonya kakhulu "ezizoshisa" ngo-2018 nangale kwalokho, futhi sifingqe abanye babadlali ababalulekile abashayela izinto ezintsha.
Ngonyaka odlule i-BioPharmaTrend ifinyeziweizitayela eziningana ezibalulekileethinta imboni ye-biopharmaceutical, okungukuthi: intuthuko yezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe bokuhlela izakhi zofuzo (ikakhulukazi, i-CRISPR/Cas9); ukukhula okuthakazelisayo endaweni ye-immuno-oncology (amaseli e-CAR-T); ukugxila okwandayo ocwaningweni lwe-microbiome; isithakazelo esijulile emithini enembayo; ezinye intuthuko ebalulekile ekutholakaleni kwama-antibiotic; isasasa elikhulayo mayelana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) bokuthola izidakamizwa/ukuthuthukiswa; ukukhula okunempikiswano kodwa okusheshayo endaweni ye-cannabis yezokwelapha; kanye nokugxila okuqhubekayo kwe-pharma ekuzibandakanyeni kumamodeli okukhishwa kwe-R&D ukuze kufinyelelwe emisha nobungcweti.
Ngezansi ukuqhubeka kwalokhu kubuyekezwa ngezindawo ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo zocwaningo ezingezwe ohlwini, kanye nokuphawula okunwetshiwe kumathrendi ashiwo ngenhla - lapho kufanele khona.
1. Ukwamukelwa kwe-Artificial Intelligence (AI) yikhemisi kanye ne-biotech
Ngayo yonke i-hype ezungeze i-AI kulezi zinsuku, kunzima ukumangaza noma ubani onalo mkhuba ocwaningweni lwezemithi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkampani eziqhutshwa yi-AI ziqala ngempela ukutholwa nge-pharma enkulu nabanye abadlali abahamba phambili besayensi yempilo, ngokubambisana okuningi kocwaningo nezinhlelo zokusebenzisana -laphaiwuhlu lwamadili abalulekile kuze kube manje, futhilaphaisibuyekezo esifushane somsebenzi othile ophawulekayo endaweni ye-“AI yokutholwa kwezidakamizwa” ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.
Amandla amathuluzi asekelwe ku-AI manje asehlolisiswa kuzo zonke izigaba zokutholwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa - kusukela ekumbiweni kwedatha yocwaningo nokusiza ekuhlonzeni okuqondiwe nasekuqinisekiseni, kuya ekusizeni ukuqhamuka nezinhlanganisela ezintsha zokuhola kanye nabaqokelwe izidakamizwa, nokubikezela izakhiwo nezingozi zabo. Futhi ekugcineni, isoftware esekwe ku-AI manje isiyakwazi ukusiza ekuhleleni ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali ukuze kutholwe izinhlanganisela ezithakazelisayo. I-AI iphinde isetshenziswe ekuhleleni izivivinyo zangaphambi komtholampilo nezomtholampilo kanye nokuhlaziya idatha ye-biomedical neyomtholampilo.
Ngale kokutholwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe, i-AI isetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo zocwaningo, ngokwesibonelo, ezinhlelweni zokutholwa kwezidakamizwa ze-phenotypic - ukuhlaziya idatha kusuka ezindleleni zokuhlola okuqukethwe okuphezulu.
Ngokugxila okukhulu kweziqalo eziqhutshwa yi-AI ekutholweni kwezidakamizwa ze-molecule encane, kuphinde kube nentshisekelo ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe obunjalo ekutholakaleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-biologics.
2. Ukwandisa indawo yamakhemikhali yokuhlola ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa
Ingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokutholwa kwezidakamizwa ze-molecule encane ukuhlola okuphambili - ukuhlonzwa kwalawo ma-molecule okuqala angaqala uhambo oluya emithini ephumelelayo (akuvamile ukuthi asinde kulolu hambo, nokho) - ngokusebenzisa izigaba eziningi zokuqinisekisa, zokuqinisekisa kanye nokuhlola.
Isici esibalulekile sokuhlola okushaywayo ukufinyelela endaweni enwetshiwe nehlukene ngamakhemikhali yezidakamizwa njengamamolekyuli ongakhetha kuzo abantu abazongenela ukhetho, ikakhulukazi, ukuze uhlole inoveli yebhayoloji eqondiwe. Njengoba kucatshangelwa ukuthi amaqoqo ahlanganisiwe akhona ezandleni zekhemisi akhiwe ngokwengxenye ngokusekelwe kumiklamo ye-molecule encane eqondise okuqondiwe kwebhayoloji, okuqondiwe okusha kwebhayoloji kudinga imiklamo emisha nemibono emisha, esikhundleni sokugaywa kabusha kwamakhemikhali afanayo ngokweqile.
Ngokulandela lesi sidingo, amalebhu ezemfundo kanye nezinkampani ezizimele zenza isizindalwazi samakhemikhali amakhemikhali angaphezu kwalokho atholakala kumaqoqo ahlanganisiwe ezinkampani ezithaka imithi. Izibonelo zifaka isizindalwazi se-GDB-17 samamolekyuli abonakalayo aqukethe ama-molecule ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-166,4 kanyeI-FDB-17zama-molecule anjengezingcezu ayizigidi eziyi-10 anama-athomu asindayo angaba ngu-17;I-ZINK- isizindalwazi samahhala sezinhlanganisela ezitholakala ngokwentengiso zokuhlolwa okubonakalayo, eziqukethe ama-molecule ayizigidi ezingama-750, kuhlanganisa nezigidi ezingama-230 kumafomethi e-3D alungele ukumiswa; kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwesikhala samakhemikhali esifinyeleleka kalula i-REAdily AvailabLe (REAL) nge-Enamine - ama-molecule ayizigidi ezingu-650 asesheka ngokusebenzisaI-REAL Space Navigatorisoftware, futhiAma-molecule ayizigidi ezingama-337 ayasesheka(ngokufana) kwa-EnamineStore.
Enye indlela yokufinyelela endaweni yamakhemikhali efana nezidakamizwa ukuze kuhlolwe i-hits ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-DNA-encoded library (DELT). Ngenxa yemvelo "yokwehlukana kanye nechibi" ye-DELT synthesis, kuba nokwenzeka ukwenza inqwaba yezinhlanganisela ngendlela ebizayo neyonga isikhathi (izigidi ukuya ezigidini zamakhompawundi).Laphaiwumbiko onokuqonda ngesizinda somlando, imiqondo, impumelelo, imikhawulo, kanye nekusasa lobuchwepheshe bomtapo wezincwadi obhalwe nge-DNA.
3. Ukukhomba i-RNA ngama-molecule amancane
Lona umkhuba oshisayo endaweni yokutholwa kwezidakamizwa enesasasa elikhulayo eliqhubekayo: izifundiswa, iziqalo ze-biotech kanye nezinkampani zemithi ziya ngokuya zisebenza mayelana nokukhomba kwe-RNA, nakuba ukungaqiniseki nakho kuphezulu.
Emzimbeni ophilayo,I-DNAigcina imininingwane yeamaprothenisynthesis futhiI-RNAikhipha imiyalo efakwe ku-DNA eholela ekuhlanganiseni kwamaprotheni kuma-ribosomes. Nakuba izidakamizwa eziningi ziqondiswe ekuqondiseni amaprotheni abhekene nesifo, ngezinye izikhathi akwanele ukucindezela izinqubo ze-pathogenic. Kubonakala njengesu elihlakaniphile ukuqalisa ekuqaleni kwenqubo futhi kuthonye i-RNA ngaphambi kokuthi amaprotheni ahlanganiswe, ngakho-ke kube nomthelela omkhulu kunqubo yokuhumusha ye-genotype kuya ku-phenotype engadingeki (ukubonakaliswa kwesifo).
Inkinga iwukuthi, ama-RNA adume kabi ngokuhloselwe ama-molecule amancane - anomugqa, kodwa akwazi ukusonteka, ukugoqa, noma ukunamathela kuwo, ebolekisa kabi ukuma kwawo emaphaketheni abophezelayo ezidakamizwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngokungafani namaprotheni, ahlanganisa amabhulokhi okwakha ama-nucleotide amane awenza wonke abukeke afana kakhulu futhi anzima ekuqondisweni okukhethekile ngama-molecule amancane.
Nokho,inani lentuthuko yakamuvaiphakamisa ukuthi empeleni kungenzeka ukwakha ama-molecule amancane afana nesidakamizwa, asebenza ngokwebhayoloji aqondise i-RNA. Ukuqonda okunoveli kwesayensi kubangele ukushesha kwe-RNA kwegolide -okungenani izinkampani eziyishumi nambilibabe nezinhlelo ezinikezelwe kuyo, okuhlanganisa i-pharma enkulu (i-Biogen, i-Merck, i-Novartis, ne-Pfizer), kanye neziqalo ze-biotech njenge-Arrakis Therapeutics ene-$38M Umjikelezo Ango-2017, kanye ne-Expansion Therapeutics -$55M Series A ekuqaleni kuka-2018.
4. Ukutholakala okusha kwama-antibiotics
Kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nokwanda kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic - ama-superbugs. Banecala lokufa okungaba ngu-700,000 emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye, futhi ngokokubuyekezwa kukahulumeni wase-UK leli nani lingakhuphuka kakhulu - lifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-10 ngo-2050. engenamsebenzi nesikhathi.
Umuthi ongenamsebenzi wama-antibiotics ukwelapha amacala alula ezigulini kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-antibiotic ekufuyweni kwemfuyo kubeka engcupheni lesi simo ngokusheshisa izinga lokuguqulwa kwamagciwane, okubenza bamelane nezidakamizwa ngesivinini esishaqisayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutholakala kwemithi elwa namagciwane kube yindawo engathandeki yocwaningo lwezemithi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa kwemithi 'engenzeka ngokwezomnotho'. Cishe yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokumiswa kwepayipi lamakilasi amasha emithi elwa namagciwane, elokugcina elethulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu edlule.
Namuhla ukutholakala kwemithi elwa namagciwane sekuya kuba indawo ekhanga kakhulu ngenxa yezinguquko ezizuzisayo esishayamthetho esilawulayo, okukhuthaza ikhemisi ukuthi ithele imali ezinhlelweni zokutholwa kwama-antibiotics, kanye nabatshalizimali abazamayo - ekuqalisweni kwe-biotech ukwakhiwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane ethembisayo. Ngo-2016, omunye wethu (AB)ibuyekeze isimo sokutholakala kwemithi elwa namagciwanefuthi yafingqa ezinye zeziqalo ezithembisayo esikhaleni, okuhlanganisa iMacrolide Pharmaceuticals, Iterum Therapeutics, Spero Therapeutics, Cidara Therapeutics, kanye ne-Entasis Therapeutics.
Ngokuphawulekayo, enye yempumelelo yakamuva ejabulisa kakhulu endaweni yama-antibioticsukutholakala kwe-Teixobactinkanye nezifaniso zayo ngo-2015 yiqembu lososayensi eliholwa uDkt Kim Lewis, uMqondisi we-Antimicrobial Discovery Centre e-Northeastern University. Lesi sigaba esisha se-antibiotics esinamandla kukholakala ukuthi siyakwazi ukumelana nokuthuthukiswa kokumelana namagciwane ngokumelene nalo. Ngonyaka odlule, abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseLincoln bathuthukise ngempumelelo inguqulo ehlanganisiwe ye-teixobactin, okwenza isinyathelo esibalulekile esiya phambili.
Manje abacwaningi abavela eSingapore Eye Research Institute baye babonisa inguqulo yokwenziwa yomuthi ingakwazi ukwelapha ngempumelelo i-Staphylococcus aureus keratitis kumamodeli wegundane eliphilayo; ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi we-teixobactin uboniswe kuphela ku-vitro. Ngalokhu okutholakele okusha, i-teixobactin izodinga enye iminyaka engu-6-10 yokukhula ukuze ibe umuthi odokotela abangawusebenzisa.
Kusukela kwatholakala i-teixobactin ngo-2015, omunye umndeni omusha wama-antibiotic obizwa ngokuthi i-malacidinzivezwe ekuqaleni kuka-2018. Lokhu kutholwa kusesezigabeni zakho zokuqala, futhi akucishe kuthuthukiswe njengocwaningo lwakamuva lwe-teixobactin.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Phenotypic
Ikhredithi yesithombe:I-SciLifeLab
Ngo-2011 ababhali uDavid Swinney noJason Anthonyeshicilelwe imiphumela yalokho abakutholilemayelana nendlela imithi emisha etholwe ngayo phakathi kuka-1999 no-2008 okuveza iqiniso lokuthi imithi eminingi ye-molecule encane yesigaba sokuqala empeleni itholwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-phenotypic kunezindlela ezisekelwe ekuqondisweni (imithi evunyelwe engama-28 vs 17, ngokulandelana) - kanye kumangalisa nakakhulu uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi bekuyindlela esekelwe ekuhlosweni obekugxilwe kuyo kakhulu esikhathini esishiwo.
Lokhu kuhlaziya okunomthelela kubangele ukuvuselelwa kwepharadigm yokutholwa kwezidakamizwa kusukela ngo-2011 - kokubili embonini yezemithi kanye nasezifundweni. Muva nje, ososayensi eNovartiswenze isibuyekezoyesimo samanje salo mkhuba futhi yafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi, nakuba izinhlangano zocwaningo lwe-pharma zihlangabezane nezinselele ezinkulu ngendlela ye-phenotypic, kunenani elinciphayo lezikrini ezisekelwe ekuqondisweni kanye nokwanda kwezindlela ze-phenotypic eminyakeni engu-5 edlule. Ngokunokwenzeka, lo mkhuba uzoqhubeka kakhulu ngalé kuka-2018.
Okubalulekile, ngaphandle nje kokuqhathanisa izindlela ezisuselwe ku-phenotypic kanye neziqondiso, kunomkhuba ocacile obheke ekuhlolweni kwamaselula okuyinkimbinkimbi, njengokusuka emigqeni yamaseli angafi kuya kumaseli ayinhloko, amaseli esiguli, amasiko ahlangene, kanye namasiko e-3D. Ukusethwa kokuhlola kuya ngokuya kuba yinkimbinkimbi, kudlulela ngalé kokufundwa okungaguquguquki ekubhekeni izinguquko ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwamaselula, ukuhlaziya iseli elilodwa ngisho nesithombe seseli.
6. Izitho (umzimba)-on-a-chip
Ama-microchips akleliswe amangqamuzana omuntu aphilayo angaguqula ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa, imodeli yezifo kanye nemithi yomuntu siqu. Lawa ma-microchips, abizwa ngokuthi 'i-organ-on-chips', anikeza enye indlela engaba khona yokuhlola izilwane zendabuko. Ekugcineni, ukuxhuma amasistimu ngokuphelele kuyindlela yokuba nalo lonke uhlelo “lomzimba on-a-chip” olulungele ukutholwa kwezidakamizwa nokuhlolwa kwekhandidethi lezidakamizwa nokuqinisekiswa.
Lo mkhuba manje usuyinto enkulu ekutholakaleni kwezidakamizwa nendawo yokuthuthukiswa futhi sesivele simboze isimo samanje nomongo wepharadigm "ye-organ-on-a-chip" muva nje.ukubuyekeza okuncane.
Ngenkathi ukungabaza okuningi bekukhona eminyakeni eyi-6-7 edlule, lapho imibono enkundleni yavezwa ngabamukeli abanomdlandla. Nokho, namuhla abagxeki babonakala behlehla ngokugcwele. Hhayi nje ukuba nezinhlaka ezilawulayo nezokuxhasa ngemaliwamukele umqondo, kodwa manje kuyandakwamukelwenjengenkundla yocwaningo lwezidakamizwa yi-pharma kanye nezemfundo. Amasistimu wezitho ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili amelwe ezinhlelweni ze-on-chip. Funda kabanzi ngakholapha.
7. I-Bioprinting
Indawo ye-bioprinting yezicubu nezitho zomuntu ikhula ngokushesha futhi, ngokungangabazeki, ikusasa lezokwelapha. Yasungulwa ekuqaleni kuka-2016,I-Celllinkingenye yezinkampani zokuqala emhlabeni ukunikeza i-bioink ephrintekayo ye-3D - uketshezi oluvumela ukuphila nokukhula kwamangqamuzana omuntu. Manje inkampani bioprints izingxenye zomzimba - amakhala nezindlebe, ikakhulukazi ukuhlola izidakamizwa kanye izimonyo. Iphinde iphrinte ama-cubes okwenza abacwaningi bakwazi "ukudlala" ngamaseli avela ezithweni zomuntu ezinjengesibindi.
U-Cellink usanda kusebenzisana ne-CTI Biotech, inkampani yaseFrance ye-medtech egxile ekukhiqizeni izicubu zomdlavuza, ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu indawo yocwaningo lomdlavuza nokutholakala kwezidakamizwa.
Isiqalo esisha se-biotech sizosiza i-CTI ekuphrinteni kwe-3D okuphindaphindwayo kwamathumba omdlavuza, ngokuxuba i-bioink ye-Cellink nesampula yamaseli omdlavuza wesiguli. Lokhu kuzosiza abacwaningi ekuhlonzeni izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
Esinye isiqalo se-biotech sithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D bokuphrinta izinto zebhayoloji - inkampani yase-Oxford University spinout, i-OxSyBio,ngisanda kuthola u-£10mochungechungeni A lwezezimali.
Nakuba i-3D bioprinting iwubuchwepheshe obuwusizo kakhulu, ayishintshi futhi ayiphili ngoba ibheka kuphela isimo sokuqala sento ephrintiwe. Indlela ethuthuke kakhudlwana iwukuhlanganisa “isikhathi” njengohlangothi lwesine ezintweni ze-bio eziphrintiwe (ezibizwa ngokuthi “i-4D bioprinting”), izenze zikwazi ukuguqula izimo zazo noma ukusebenza kwazo ngesikhathi lapho kubekwa khona isikhuthazo sangaphandle.Laphaisibuyekezo esinokuqonda ku-4D bioprinting.
Umbono wokuvala
Ngisho nangaphandle kokungena ngokujulile kumkhuba ngamunye ophezulu osanda kuchazwa, kufanele kubonakale ukuthi i-AI izothatha ingxenye yesenzo ekhula njalo. Zonke lezi zindawo ezintsha ze-biopharma innovation seziphenduke i-data centric enkulu. Lesi simo ngokwaso sibikezela indima ebaluleke kakhulu ye-AI, siphawula futhi, njengombhalo walokhu okumbozwa kwesihloko, ukuthi i-AI iqukethe amathuluzi amaningi, okuhlaziya kanye nezinombolo aqhubeka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI ekutholeni izidakamizwa nasekuthuthukisweni kwesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi ingxenye enkulu iqondiswe ekwambuleni amaphethini afihliwe kanye nokucatshangwayo okuxhumanisa izimbangela nemiphumela ngaphandle kwalokho engabonakali noma eqondakalayo.
Ngakho-ke, isethi engaphansi yamathuluzi e-AI asetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwezemithi iwela ngokufaneleke kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-moniker "yobuhlakani bomshini" noma "ukufunda komshini". Lezi zingase zigadwe isiqondiso somuntu, njengakwezihlukanisi nezindlela zokufunda zezibalo, noma zingagadiwe ekusebenzeni kwazo kwangaphakathi njengasekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamanethiwekhi emizwa yokwenziwa. Ukucubungula kolimi kanye nezindlela ze-semantic kanye nezindlela ezinokwenzeka zokucabanga okungaqinisekile (noma okungaqondakali) nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile.
Ukuqonda ukuthi le misebenzi ehlukene ingahlanganiswa kanjani emkhakheni obanzi we-“AI” kuwumsebenzi onzima okufanele wenziwe yibo bonke abathintekayo. Enye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokubheka izincazelo kanye nezincazelo yi-I-Data Science Centralingosi futhi ikakhulukazi okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi nguVincent Granville, owayehlala njaloicacisa umehlukophakathi kwe-AI, ukuncika komshini, ukufunda okujulile, nezibalo. Ukujwayelana nokungena nokuphuma kwe-AI iyonke kuyisici esibalulekile sokugcina unolwazi noma ngaphambi kwanoma yimiphi izitayela ze-biopharma.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-29-2018