Ukuba phantsi koxinzelelo oluhlala lukhula lokukhuphisana kwimeko yezoqoqosho kunye nethekhinoloji ecela umngeni, iinkampani zamachiza kunye nebhayoloji kufuneka ziqhubeke zivelisa iinkqubo zazo zeR&D ukuze zihlale ziphambi komdlalo.
Izinto ezintsha zangaphandle ziza kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye zivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka kwiilebhu zeyunivesithi, ukuya kwishishini elizimeleyo elixhaswa ngemali yokuqala kunye nemibutho yophando lwekhontrakthi (CROs). Masingene ekuphononongeni ezinye zezona ndlela zophando zinempembelelo eziya kuba “shushu” ngo-2018 nangaphaya, kwaye sishwankathele abanye babadlali abaphambili abaqhuba izinto ezintsha.
Kunyaka ophelileyo iBioPharmaTrend ishwankatheleiindlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyoechaphazela ishishini le-biopharmaceutical, oko kukuthi: ukuqhubela phambili kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yobuchwepheshe bokuhlela i-gene (ikakhulu, i-CRISPR/Cas9); ukukhula okuthakazelisayo kwindawo ye-immuno-oncology (iiseli ze-CAR-T); ukwanda kokugxila kuphando lwe-microbiome; umdla onzulu kwiyeza elichanekileyo; ezinye iinkqubela phambili ezibalulekileyo ekufumaneni amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane; uchulumanco olukhulayo malunga nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) ngokufunyanwa/uphuhliso lweziyobisi; ukukhula okuphikisanayo kodwa okukhawulezayo kwindawo ye-cannabis yonyango; kunye nogxininiso oluqhubekayo lwe-pharma ekuzibandakanyeni kwiimodeli zokukhutshwa kwe-R&D ukufikelela kwizinto ezintsha kunye nobuchule.
Apha ngezantsi kukuqhubekeka kolu hlaziyo kunye nemimandla emininzi esebenzayo yophando eyongezwe kuluhlu, kunye namanye amagqabaza awandisiweyo malunga neendlela ezichazwe ngasentla - apho kufanelekileyo.
1. Ukwamkelwa kwe-Artificial Intelligence (AI) yi-pharma kunye ne-biotech
Ngayo yonke i-hype ejikeleze i-AI kule mihla, kunzima ukumangalisa nabani na ngale ndlela kuphando lwamayeza. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iinkampani eziqhutywa yi-AI ziqala ngokwenene ukufumana i-traction kunye ne-pharma enkulu kunye nabanye abadlali abakhokelayo besayensi yobomi, ngobudlelwane obuninzi bophando kunye neenkqubo zokusebenzisana -Aphaluluhlu lwezivumelwano eziphambili ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwayeAphaluphononongo olufutshane lomsebenzi othile obonakalayo kwindawo ye-"AI yokufunyanwa kweziyobisi" kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.
Ikhono lezixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-AI ngoku liphononongwa kuzo zonke izigaba zokufunyanwa kweziyobisi kunye nophuhliso - ukusuka kwimigodi yedatha yophando kunye nokuncedisa ekuchongeni okujoliswe kuyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa, ekuncedeni ukuza ne-novel lead compounds kunye nabaviwa beziyobisi, kunye nokuqikelela iimpawu zabo kunye nobungozi. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, isoftware esekwe kwi-AI ngoku iyakwazi ukunceda ekucwangciseni ukuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali ukufumana iikhompawundi zomdla. I-AI ikwasetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa iimvavanyo zangaphambi kweklinikhi kunye nekliniki kunye nokuhlalutya idatha ye-biomedical kunye neklinikhi.
Ngaphandle kokufunyanwa kweziyobisi ezisekelwe ekujoliswe kuzo, i-AI isetyenziswe kwezinye iindawo zophando, ngokomzekelo, kwiinkqubo zokufumanisa iziyobisi ze-phenotypic - ukuhlalutya idatha kwiindlela zokuhlola umxholo ophezulu.
Ngogqaliselo oluphambili lweziqalo eziqhutywa yi-AI ekufumaneni ichiza lemolekyuli encinci, kukwakho umdla wokusebenzisa ubuchwephesha obunjalo bokufunyanwa nophuhliso lwebhayoloji.
2. Ukwandisa indawo yeekhemikhali zokuhlola ukufunyanwa kweziyobisi
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo encinci ye-molekyuli yokufunyanwa kweziyobisi kukuphononongwa - ukuchongwa kwezo molekyuli zokuqala eziya kuthi ziqalise uhambo olusingise kumayeza aphumeleleyo (kunqabile ukuba basinde kolu hambo, nangona kunjalo) - ngokusetyenziswa okuninzi, ukuqinisekiswa kunye nezigaba zovavanyo.
Eyona nto iphambili yophononongo lokubetha kukufikelela kwindawo eyandisiweyo neyohlukeneyo yeekhemikhali yamachiza afana neemolekyuli zokukhetha abaviwa kuzo, ngakumbi, kuphononongo lwebhayoloji ekujoliswe kuyo inoveli. Ngenxa yokuba ingqokelela ekhompawundi ekhoyo ezandleni ze-pharma yakhiwe ngokuyinxenye ngokusekwe kuyilo lwemolekyuli encinci ejolise kwiithagethi zebhayoloji ezaziwayo, iithagethi zebhayoloji ezintsha zifuna uyilo olutsha kunye neengcinga ezintsha, endaweni yokuhlaziya ngokugqithisileyo ikhemistri efanayo.
Ukulandela le mfuno, iilebhu zezemfundo kunye neenkampani zabucala zenza ugcino-lwazi lweekhompawundi zemichiza ngaphaya koko kufumaneka kwingqokelela yeekhompawundi zenkampani yoxubo-mayeza. Imizekelo ibandakanya GDB-17 database yeemolekyuli virtual equlathe 166,4 billion iimolekyuli kunyeFDB-17yeemolekyuli ezizizigidi ezili-10 ezifana neqhekeza elineeathom ezinzima ezifikelela kwi-17;IZINK- i-database yamahhala yee-compounds ezifumanekayo ngokurhweba ukukhangela i-virtual screening, equkethe i-athomu ye-750 yezigidi, kubandakanywa ne-230 yezigidi kwiifomathi ze-3D ezilungele ukufakwa; kunye nophuhliso lwakutsha nje lwendawo yekhemikhali efikelelekayo ngokuyiNENE (REAL) yi-Enamine - izigidi ezingama-650 zeemolekyuli zikhangeleke ngeINCWADANA YEENKCUKACHA YOKWENENEisoftware, kunyeIimolekyuli ezizigidi ezingama-337 ziyakhangelwa(ngokufana) kwi-EnamineStore.
Enye indlela yokufikelela kwindawo emitsha yekhemikhali efana neziyobisi kuphononongo lwe-DNA-encoded library library (DELT). Ngenxa yendalo "yokwahlulwa-kunye nephuli" ye-DELT synthesis, kuyakwenzeka ukwenza amanani amakhulu eekhompawundi ngeendleko- kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo (izigidi ukuya kwiibhiliyoni zeekhompawundi).Aphayingxelo enengqiqo ngemvelaphi yembali, iikhonsepthi, impumelelo, imida, kunye nekamva lobuchwepheshe bethala leencwadi elifakwe kwi-DNA.
3. Ukujolisa i-RNA ngeemolekyuli ezincinci
Lo ngumkhwa oshushu kwindawo yokufunyanwa kweziyobisi enochulumanco oluqhubekayo: izifundiswa, iziqalo zebhayotekhnoloji kunye neenkampani zamayeza ziya zisebenza ngokujolisa kwi-RNA, nangona ukungaqiniseki kuphezulu.
Kwinto ephilayo,DNAigcina ulwazi lweiprothenisynthesis kunyeI-RNAithwala imiyalelo efakwe kwi-DNA ekhokelela ekudibaneni kweeprotheyini kwiiribosomes. Nangona uninzi lwamachiza lujoliswe ekujoliseni kwiiprotheni ezijongene nesifo, ngamanye amaxesha akwanelanga ukucinezela iinkqubo ze-pathogenic. Kubonakala ngathi licebo elikrelekrele ukuqalisa kwangoko kwinkqubo kwaye kuphembelele i-RNA ngaphambi kokuba iiprotheyini zidityaniswe, ke ngoko ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwinkqubo yokuguqulela ye-genotype ukuya kwi-phenotype engafunekiyo (ukubonakaliswa kwesifo).
Ingxaki kukuba, ii-RNAs ziithagethi ezibi kakhulu kwiimolekyuli ezincinci - zinomgca, kodwa ziyakwazi ukujija, ukugoba, okanye ukunamathela kuzo, ukuboleka kakubi imilo yazo kwiipokotho ezifanelekileyo zokubopha amachiza. Ngaphandle koko, ngokungafaniyo neeprotheni, zenza iibhloko ezine zokwakha ze-nucleotide ezenza zonke zibukeke zifana kakhulu kwaye zinzima ekujoliseni okukhethiweyo ngamamolekyuli amancinci.
Nangona kunjalo,inani leenkqubela phambili zamva njecebisa ukuba ngenene kuyenzeka ukuphuhlisa iimolekyuli ezincinci ezifana neziyobisi, ezisebenza ngokwebhayoloji ezijolise kwi-RNA. Ukuqonda okunoveli kwenzululwazi kubangele ukungxama kwegolide kwe-RNA-ubuncinane iinkampani ezilishumi elinambinibaneenkqubo ezinikezelwe kuyo, kubandakanya i-pharma enkulu (i-Biogen, i-Merck, i-Novartis, kunye ne-Pfizer), kunye ne-biotech startups efana ne-Arrakis Therapeutics ene-$ 38M Series A ngeenxa zonkengo-2017, kunye noNyango loKwandiswa -$ 55M Series A ekuqaleni 2018.
4. Ukufunyaniswa okutsha kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane
Kukho inkxalabo ekhulayo malunga nokunyuka kweebhaktheriya ezichasene ne-antibiotic-superbugs. Banoxanduva lokufa malunga ne-700,000 kwihlabathi jikelele ngonyaka, kwaye ngokutsho kohlaziyo lukarhulumente wase-UK eli nani linokwanda kakhulu - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 yezigidi nge-2050. ayinamsebenzi ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Umyalelo ongakhathaliyo we-antibiotics ukunyanga iimeko ezilula kwizigulane kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwimfuyo yokulima ibeka esichengeni imeko ngokukhawulezisa izinga lokuguqulwa kwebhaktheriya, ibenze baxhathise iziyobisi ngesantya esothusayo.
Kwelinye icala, ukufunyanwa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ibe yindawo engathandekiyo yophando lwamayeza, xa kuthelekiswa nokuphuhlisa amachiza 'anokwenzeka ngokoqoqosho'. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba sesona sizathu siphambili emva kokumiswa kombhobho wenoveli yeeklasi zokubulala iintsholongwane, neyokugqibela yaziswa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo.
Kule mihla ukufunyanwa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuya kuba yindawo enomtsalane ngakumbi ngenxa yolunye utshintsho olunenzuzo kwimithetho yolawulo, ivuselela i-pharma ukuba igalele imali kwiinkqubo zokufunyanwa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nabatyali-mali beshishini - kuqalo lwebhayotekhnoloji yokuphuhlisa amayeza athembisayo okulwa ne-antibacterial. Ngo-2016, omnye wethu (AB)iphonononge imeko yokufunyanwa kwamachiza okubulala iintsholongwanekwaye yashwankathela ezinye zeziqalo ezithembisayo kwindawo, kubandakanya iMacrolide Pharmaceuticals, Iterum Therapeutics, Spero Therapeutics, Cidara Therapeutics, kunye ne-Entasis Therapeutics.
Ngokucacileyo, enye yempumelelo yamva nje enomdla kwi-antibiotics indawoUkufunyanwa kweTeixobactinkunye ne-analogs yayo kwi-2015 liqela lezenzululwazi elikhokelwa nguDkt Kim Lewis, uMlawuli we-Antimicrobial Discovery Centre kwiYunivesithi yaseNortheastern. Olu didi lunamandla olutsha lwe-antibiotics lukholelwa ukuba luyakwazi ukumelana nophuhliso lokumelana neentsholongwane. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseLincoln baphuhlise ngempumelelo inguqulelo eyenziwe nge-teixobactin, benza inyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya phambili.
Ngoku abaphandi abavela kwi-Singapore Eye Research Institute baye babonisa inguqulelo yokwenziwa kweyeza inokunyanga ngempumelelo i-Staphylococcus aureus keratitis kwiimodeli zempuku ephilayo; Ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi we-teixobactin uboniswe kuphela kwi-vitro. Ngezi ziphumo zitsha, i-teixobactin iya kufuna enye iminyaka eyi-6-10 yophuhliso ukuze ibe liyeza elinokuthi oogqirha basebenzise.
Ukusukela ekufumaneni i-teixobactin ngo-2015, olunye usapho olutsha lwe-antibiotics ebizwa ngokuba yi-malacidinsityhilwe ekuqaleni kuka-2018. Oku kufunyaniswayo kusekumanqanaba okuqala, kwaye akukho phantse njengoko kuphuhliswe njengophando lwamva nje lwe-teixobactin.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwePhenotypic
Umfanekiso wekhredithi:SciLifeLab
Kwi-2011 ababhali uDavid Swinney kunye noJason Anthonyzipapashe iziphumo zophando lwabomalunga nendlela amayeza amatsha afunyanwe ngayo phakathi kuka-1999 no-2008 etyhila into yokuba uninzi lwamachiza emolekyuli amancinci odidi lokuqala afunyenwe kusetyenziswa uhlolo lwephenotypic kuneendlela ezisekelwe ekujoliswe kuzo (28 amachiza avunyiweyo vs 17, ngokulandelelana) - kunye okona kumangalisa ngakumbi kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba ibisekelwe kwindlela ebekujoliswe kuyo ebiyeyona nto iphambili kugxilwe kuyo kwisithuba esibekiweyo.
Olu hlalutyo lunempembelelo lubangele ukuvuselelwa kweparadigm yokufumanisa ichiza le-phenotypic ukusukela ngo-2011 - zombini kwishishini loxubo-mayeza nakwimfundo ephakamileyo. Kutshanje, izazinzulu eNovartisyenze uphononongoyemeko yangoku yalo mkhwa kwaye yafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba, ngelixa imibutho yophando lwe-pharma ihlangabezane nemingeni enzima ngendlela ye-phenotypic, kukho inani elihlayo lee-screens ezisekelwe ekujoliswe kuzo kunye nokunyuka kweendlela ze-phenotypic kwiminyaka eyi-5 edlulileyo. Ngokunokwenzeka, lo mkhwa uya kuqhubeka kude ngaphaya kwe-2018.
Okubalulekileyo, ngaphaya kokuthelekisa i-phenotypic kunye neendlela ezisekelwe ekujoliswe kuzo, kukho umkhwa ocacileyo obhekiselele kwiimvavanyo zeselula ezintsonkothileyo, njengokusuka kwiiseli ezingafiyo ukuya kwiiseli eziphambili, iiseli zesigulana, iinkcubeko ezihlangeneyo, kunye neenkcubeko ze-3D. Ukuseta umfuniselo nako kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi, kuya kude ngaphaya kokufunda okungaguqukiyo ekujongeni utshintsho kumacandelo asezantsi, uhlalutyo lweseli enye kunye nokucinga kweeseli.
6. Amalungu (umzimba)-on-a-chip
Ii-microchips ezifakwe kwiiseli zomntu eziphilayo zinokuguqula uphuhliso lwamachiza, umfuziselo wezifo kunye neyeza lomntu. Ezi microchips, ezibizwa ngokuba 'yi-organ-on-chips', zibonelela ngenye indlela enokubakho kuvavanyo lwezilwanyana zesintu. Ekugqibeleni, ukudibanisa iinkqubo ngokupheleleyo yindlela yokuba nayo yonke inkqubo "ye-body-on-a-chip" ilungele ukufunyanwa kweziyobisi kunye novavanyo lomviwa weziyobisi kunye nokuqinisekiswa.
Lo mkhwa ngoku uyinto enkulu ekufumaneni iziyobisi kunye nendawo yophuhliso kwaye sele sigubungele imeko yangoku kunye nomxholo we-paradigm "ye-organ-on-a-chip" kutsha nje.mini-uphononongo.
Ngelixa uninzi lwamathandabuzo lwalukhona kwiminyaka eyi-6-7 eyadlulayo, xa iimbono ebaleni zachazwa ngabamkeli abanomdla. Namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, abagxeki babonakala berhoxa ngokupheleleyo. Ayinamaziko alawulayo kunye nenkxaso-mali kuphelayamkele ingcamango, kodwa ngoku iya isandayamkelwenjengeqonga lophando lweziyobisi ngabo bobabini i-pharma kunye ne-academia. Ngaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini iinkqubo zamalungu zimelwe kwiinkqubo ze-on-chip. Funda ngakumbi ngayoApha.
7. Ukushicilela ngebhayoloji
Ummandla we-bioprinting izicubu zomntu kunye nezitho zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ikamva leyeza. Yasekwa ekuqaleni kuka-2016,Iselinkiyenye yeenkampani zokuqala ehlabathini ukubonelela nge-3D eprintwayo nge-bioink - ulwelo oluvumela ubomi kunye nokukhula kweeseli zomntu. Ngoku inkampani bioprints amalungu omzimba - impumlo kunye neendlebe, ikakhulu ukuvavanya amachiza kunye nezithambiso. Ikwaprinta iiityhubhu ezivumela abaphandi ukuba "badlale" ngeeseli ezisuka kumalungu omntu anjengesibindi.
UCellink kutsha nje ubambisene ne-CTI Biotech, inkampani yaseFransi ye-medtech egxile ekuveliseni izihlunu zomhlaza, ukuze iqhubele phambili kakhulu indawo yophando lomhlaza kunye nokufunyanwa kweziyobisi.
Isiqalo esincinci se-biotech siya kunceda i-CTI kwi-3D yokuprinta iikopi zamathumba omhlaza, ngokuxuba i-Cellink's bioink kunye nesampulu yeeseli zomhlaza zesigulana. Oku kuya kunceda abaphandi ekuchongeni iyeza lonyango ngokuchasene neentlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
Esinye isiqalo sebhayoloji siphuhlisa itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D yokuprinta imathiriyeli yebhayoloji-inkampani yaseOxford University spinout, iOxSyBio, ethiikhuseleke nje i-£10mkuthotho A lwenkxaso-mali.
Ngelixa i-3D bioprinting iyitekhnoloji eluncedo kakhulu, ayitshintshi kwaye ayiphili kuba ithathela ingqalelo kuphela imeko yokuqala yento eprintiweyo. Indlela ephucuke ngakumbi kukubandakanya "ixesha" njengenqanaba lesine kwizinto eziprintiweyo zebhayoloji (ebizwa ngokuba yi "4D bioprinting"), zibenze zikwazi ukutshintsha iimilo zazo okanye ukusebenza kwazo ngexesha xa kunyanzeliswa ukuvuselela kwangaphandle.Aphaluphononongo olunengqiqo kwi-4D bioprinting.
Imbono yokuvala
Ngaphandle kokuntywila nzulu kwindlela nganye ephezulu esele ichaziwe, kufanele kucace ukuba i-AI iza kuthatha inxalenye ekhulayo yesenzo. Zonke ezi ndawo zintsha ze-biopharma innovation ziye zaba yidatha enkulu. Le meko ngokwayo ichaza indima ebaluleke kakhulu ye-AI, kuphawulwa kwakhona, njenge-postscript kolu qweqwe lwesihloko, ukuba i-AI ibandakanya izixhobo ezininzi, ezihlalutyayo kunye nezamanani eziqhubeka ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI ekufunyanweni kweziyobisi kunye nophuhliso lwenqanaba lokuqala ubukhulu becala bujolise ekutyhileni iipateni ezifihlakeleyo kunye neziphumo ezinxibelelanisa oonobangela kunye neziphumo ngenye indlela ezingabonakali okanye ziqondakala.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-subset yezixhobo ze-AI eziqeshwe kuphando lwamachiza ziwela ngokufanelekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-moniker "yobukrelekrele bomatshini" okanye "ukufunda ngomatshini". Ezi zinokujongwa zombini zisikhokelo somntu, njengakwizihluzi kunye neendlela zokufunda zezibalo, okanye zingajongwanga kwimisebenzi yazo yangaphakathi njengokuphunyezwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zothungelwano lwe-neural eyenziweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kunye neendlela ezinokwenzeka zokuqiqa (okanye ezingaqondakaliyo) nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Ukuqonda indlela le misebenzi eyahlukeneyo inokudibaniswa ngayo kwinkalo ebanzi ye-"AI" ngumsebenzi onzima ukuba onke amaqela anomdla kufuneka awenze. Enye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zokukhangela iinkcazo kunye neengcaciso yiData Science Centralportal kwaye ingakumbi izithuba blog ngu Vincent Granville, ngubani rhoqoicacisa iiyantlukwanophakathi kwe-AI, ukuthembela komatshini, ukufunda nzulu, kunye neenkcukacha-manani. Ukukwazi ukuqhelana ne-ins kunye nokuphuma kwe-AI iyonke yinxalenye eyimfuneko yokugcina unolwazi okanye ngaphambi kwayo nayiphi na intsingiselo ye-biopharma.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-29-2018