Kuve pasi pekumanikidzwa kunoramba kuchiwedzera kukwikwidza munzvimbo yakaoma yehupfumi uye tekinoroji, makambani emishonga uye ebiotech anofanirwa kuramba achivandudza muzvirongwa zvavo zveR&D kuti varambe vari pamberi pemutambo.
Hutsva hwekunze hunouya nenzira dzakasiyana uye hunobva munzvimbo dzakasiyana - kubva kumayunivhesiti marabhu, kuenda kune yakavanzika mari-inotsigirwa yekutanga uye masangano ekutsvagisa makondirakiti (CROs). Ngatisvike pakuongorora mamwe emhando dzakanyanya kupesvedzera tsvakiridzo inova "inopisa" muna 2018 uye mberi, uye muchidimbu vamwe vevatambi vakakosha vanotyaira hunyanzvi.
Gore rapfuura BioPharmaTrend muchidimbuakati wandei akakosha mafambiroinobata biopharmaceutical industry, kureva: kufambira mberi kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirwa kwemajini (kunyanya, CRISPR/Cas9); kukura kunonakidza munharaunda ye immuno-oncology (CAR-T masero); kuwedzera kwekutarisa pakutsvaga kwemicrobiome; kufarira kwakadzama mukurapa kwakarurama; kumwe kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukuwanikwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya; kufara kuri kukura pamusoro pehungwaru hwekugadzira (AI) yekutsvaga zvinodhaka / kusimudzira; kukakavara asi kukura nekukurumidza munzvimbo yekurapa cannabis; uye kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kwe pharma pakuita muR&D outsourcing modhi kuti uwane hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi.
Pazasi pane kuenderera kwewongororo iyi nedzimwe dzinoverengeka dzinoshanda nzvimbo dzekutsvagisa dzakawedzerwa kune iyo rondedzero, uye mamwe akawedzera tsinhiro pamaitiro ataurwa pamusoro - pazvinenge zvakakodzera.
1. Kugamuchirwa kweArtificial Intelligence (AI) ne pharma uye biotech
Nezvese hype zvakatenderedza AI mazuvano, zvakaoma kushamisa chero munhu nemaitiro aya mukutsvaga kwemishonga. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti makambani anofambiswa neAI anotanga chaizvo kuwana traction nehombe pharma uye vamwe vanotungamira sainzi vatambi vehupenyu, vaine akawanda ekutsvagisa kudyidzana uye zvirongwa zvekubatana -hereirondedzero yezvibvumirano zvakakosha kusvika zvino, uyehereongororo pfupi yechimwe chiitiko chakakosha mu "AI yekuwana zvinodhaka" nzvimbo mumwedzi yakati wandei yapfuura.
Iko kugona kweAI-yakavakirwa maturusi ikozvino yakaongororwa pamatanho ese ekuwanikwa kwezvinodhaka uye kusimudzira - kubva mukutsvagisa data mugodhi uye kubatsira mukuzivikanwa kwechinangwa nekusimbisa, kubatsira kuuya nemanoveli ekutungamira makomisheni uye vanokwikwidza zvinodhaka, uye kufanotaura zvimiro zvavo nenjodzi. Uye pakupedzisira, AI-based software yave kukwanisa kubatsira mukuronga makemikari synthesis kuwana makomisheni ekufarira. AI inoshandiswawo pakuronga pre-kiriniki uye kiriniki miedzo uye kuongorora biomedical uye kiriniki data.
Kupfuura kutariswa-kwakavakirwa zvinodhaka kuwanikwa, AI inoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutsvagisa, semuenzaniso, mune phenotypic zvirongwa zvekuwana zvinodhaka - kuongorora data kubva kune yakakwirira yemukati yekuongorora nzira.
Nekutarisa kukuru kweAI-inotyairwa yekutanga padiki molecule kuwanikwa kwezvinodhaka, pane zvakare kufarira kushandisa matekinoroji akadai ekutsvaga nekusimudzira biologics.
2. Kuwedzera nzvimbo yemakemikari yekuongorora kuwanikwa kwezvinodhaka
Chikamu chakakosha chechero diki molecule chirongwa chekuwana zvinodhaka ndechekuongorora - kuzivikanwa kweaya ekutanga mamorekuru ayo aizotanga rwendo rwekuenda kumishonga yakabudirira (kashoma ivo vanopona rwendo urwu, zvakadaro) - kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwakawanda, kusimbiswa uye kuyedza matanho.
Chinhu chakakosha chekuongorora kurova ndiko kuwana kune yakawedzera uye yakasiyana makemikari nzvimbo yemushonga semamorekuru kusarudza vavhoti kubva, kunyanya, yekuongorora novel target biology. Tichifunga kuti kuunganidzwa kwekomboni kuri mumaoko epharma kwakavakwa muchikamu zvichienderana nediki molecule dhizaini yakanangana nezvinozivikanwa tariswa yebiological, zvinangwa zvebiology zvitsva zvinoda magadzirirwo matsva nemazano matsva, pachinzvimbo chekudzokorora zvakanyanya chemistry imwe chete.
Kutevera chinodikanwa ichi, maLab edzidzo uye makambani akazvimirira anogadzira dhatabhesi remakemikari emakemikari kureba kupfuura izvo zvinowanikwa mune yakajairwa kambani yemishonga inounganidzwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira GDB-17 dhatabhesi yemamorekuru ane 166,4 bhiriyoni mamorekuru uyeFDB-17emamiriyoni gumi-akafanana nemamorekuru ane maatomu anorema anosvika 17;ZINK- dhatabhesi yemahara yemakomisheni anowanikwa mune zvekutengesa ekutarisa chaiwo, ane 750 miriyoni mamorekuru, anosanganisira 230 miriyoni mune 3D mafomati akagadzirira docking; uye ichangoburwa kuvandudzwa kweiyo synthetically inowanikwa REAdily AvailabLe (REAL) kemikari nzvimbo neEnamine - 650 miriyoni mamorekuru anotsvakwa kuburikidzaREAL Space Navigatorsoftware, uye337 miriyoni mamorekuru anotsvakwa(nekufanana) paEnamineStore.
Imwe nzira yekuwana zvinodhaka-senge kemikari nzvimbo yekuongorora kurova kushandisa DNA-encoded library library (DELT). Nekuda kwe "kupatsanura-uye-dziva" hunhu hweDELT synthesis, zvinogoneka kugadzira huwandu hukuru hwemakomponi nenzira inodhura- uye nenguva-inoshanda (mamiriyoni kusvika kumabhiriyoni emakomponi).Hereishumo ine njere pamusoro pezvakaitika kare, pfungwa, kubudirira, zvisingakwanisi, uye remangwana reDNA-encoded library library.
3. Kutarisa RNA nemamorekuru madiki
Iyi itsika inopisa munzvimbo yekuwana zvinodhaka ine manyawi anoramba achikura: vadzidzi, biotech kutanga uye makambani emishonga ari kuwedzera kushanda nezveRNA kunanga, kunyangwe kusava nechokwadi kwakakwira zvakare.
Muchipenyu,DNAinochengeta ruzivo rweproteinsynthesis uyeRNAinoita mirairo yakavharidzirwa muDNA inotungamira kukugadzirwa kweprotein mu ribosomes. Nepo ruzhinji rwemishonga rwakanangana nekunangana nemapuroteni anokonzera chirwere, dzimwe nguva hazvina kukwana kudzvanyirira pathogenic maitiro. Zvinoita senge zano rakangwara rekutanga mukuita uye kupesvedzera RNA mapuroteni asati atombogadzirwa, saka zvakanyanya kupesvedzera maitiro eshanduro ye genotype kune isingadikanwi phenotype (kuratidzwa kwechirwere).
Dambudziko nderekuti, maRNA ane mukurumbira anotyisa zvinangwa zvemamorekuru madiki - ane mutsara, asi anokwanisa kumonyorora, kupeta, kana kunamira pairi, achikweretesa chimiro chayo kumahomwe anosunga emishonga. Kunze kwezvo, mukupesana nemapuroteni, anongoumba mana chete nucleotide zvivharo zvekuvaka zvichiita kuti ese ataridzike akafanana uye akaoma pakusarudza kunanga nemamorekuru madiki.
Zvisinei,kufambira mberi kwakawanda munguva pfupi yapfuurakurudzira kuti zvinogoneka kugadzira mamorekuru madiki anonangana neRNA. Novel ruzivo rwesainzi rwakakurudzira kumhanyisa kwegoridhe kweRNA -anenge makambani gumi nemavirivane zvirongwa zvakatsaurirwa kwairi, kusanganisira hombe pharma (Biogen, Merck, Novartis, uye Pfizer), uye biotech yekutanga seArrakis Therapeutics ine$38M Series A roundmuna 2017, uye Kuwedzera Therapeutics -$55M Series A kutanga kwa2018.
4. Kuwanikwa kutsva kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya
Pane kushushikana kuri kukura pamusoro pekukwira kwebhakitiriya-inodzivirira mabhakitiriya - superbugs. Ndivo vane mhosva yekufa kwe700,000 pasi rose gore negore, uye maererano nekuongorora kwehurumende yeUnited States nhamba iyi inogona kuwedzera zvinoshamisa - kusvika kumamiriyoni gumi kusvika 2050. Utachiona hunoshanduka uye hunokura kurwisana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya iyo yaishandiswa kare nekubudirira kukuru, uye inozove. zvisina basa nekufamba kwenguva.
Kusave nehanya kwemishonga yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kurapa zviitiko zviri nyore muvarwere uye kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mukurima kwezvipfuwo kunoisa pangozi mamiriro acho nekuwedzera chiyero chekuchinja kwebhakitiriya, zvichiita kuti dzive dzinopesana nemishonga nekukurumidza kunotyisa.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, kuwanikwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yave nzvimbo isingafadzi yetsvakurudzo yemishonga, zvichienzaniswa nekugadzira mishonga 'inogoneka mune hupfumi' yakawanda. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero chikuru chiri shure kwekuoma kwepombi yemakirasi matsva emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, neyokupedzisira yakaunzwa makore anopfuura makumi matatu apfuura.
Mazuva ano kuwanikwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya iri kuita nzvimbo inoyevedza nekuda kwedzimwe shanduko dzinobatsira mumutemo wezvemitemo, zvichikurudzira pharma kudira mari muzvirongwa zvekuwanikwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, uye vanoisa mari - mukutanga kwebiotech kugadzira mishonga inovimbisa antibacterial. Muna 2016, mumwe wedu (AB)yakaongorora mamiriro ekuwanikwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriyauye akapfupikisa mamwe ekutanga anovimbisa munzvimbo, anosanganisira Macrolide Pharmaceuticals, Iterum Therapeutics, Spero Therapeutics, Cidara Therapeutics, uye Entasis Therapeutics.
Sezvineiwo, chimwe chezvinonyanya kufadza budiriro munzvimbo yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ndeyekuwanikwa kweTeixobactinuye analogis ayo muna 2015 neboka revasayendisiti rinotungamirirwa naDr. Kim Lewis, Mutungamiriri weAntimicrobial Discovery Center kuNortheastern University. Iri kirasi nyowani ine simba remishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inotendwa kuti inokwanisa kushingirira kukura kwekurwisa kwebhakitiriya kuchipikisa. Gore rapfuura, vaongorori kubva kuYunivhesiti yeLincoln vakabudirira kugadzira vhezheni yeteixobactin, vachiita nhanho yakakosha kumberi.
Iye zvino vatsvakurudzi vanobva kuSingapore Eye Research Institute vakaratidza shanduro yekugadzira yemushonga inogona kubudirira kurapa Staphylococcus aureus keratitis mumararamiro emakonzo; pamberi pekuita kwe teixobactin kwakangoratidzwa mu vitro. Nezvitsva izvi zvakawanikwa, teixobactin inoda mamwe makore 6-10 ebudiriro kuti ive mushonga unogona kushandiswa nanachiremba.
Kubva pakawanikwa teixobactin muna 2015, imwe mhuri itsva yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inonzi malacidins yakanga iri.zvakaburitswa mukutanga kwe2018. Kuwanikwa uku kuchiri mumatanho ekutanga, uye kusati kwave kwakagadzirwa setsvagurudzo yazvino nezve teixobactin.
5. Phenotypic screening
Mufananidzo wechikwereti:SciLifeLab
Muna 2011 vanyori David Swinney naJason Anthonyvakaburitsa mhedzisiro yezvavakawananezvekuti mishonga mitsva yakawanikwa sei pakati pa1999 na2008 ichiburitsa chokwadi chekuti mishonga midiki yekutanga-mukirasi madiki mamorekuru yakanga yawanikwa pachishandiswa phenotypic kuongorora pane nzira dzakatariswa (28 yakabvumidzwa mishonga vs 17, zvichiteerana) - uye zvinotonyanya kushamisa tichifunga kuti yaive nzira yakanangana neyakange yanyanya kutariswa panguva yakataurwa.
Ongororo ine simba iyi yakakonzera kumutsiridzwa kweiyo phenotypic drug discovery paradigm kubvira 2011 - zvese muindasitiri yemishonga uye mune zvedzidzo. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, masayendisiti kuNovartisakaita wongororoyemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino yemaitiro aya uye akasvika pakugumisa kuti, nepo masangano ekutsvagisa epharma akasangana nematambudziko akakura nephenotypic nzira, pane iri kuderera nhamba yezvinangwa-based skrini uye kuwedzera kwe phenotypic nzira mumakore mashanu apfuura. Zvichida, maitiro aya achaenderera mberi kupfuura 2018.
Zvinonyanya kukosha, kunze kwekungoenzanisa phenotypic uye chinangwa chakavakirwa nzira, kune maitiro akajeka kune mamwe akaomarara cellular assays, sekubva kusingafe sero mitsara kuenda kumasero ekutanga, masero evarwere, co-tsika, uye 3D tsika. Iyo yekumisikidza setup iri kuramba ichiwedzera kuomarara, ichienda kure kupfuura univariate kuverenga kune kuona shanduko mu subcellular compartments, single-cell analysis uye even cell imaging.
6. Nhengo (body)-pa-a-chip
Ma Microchips akamisikidzwa nemasero emunhu mupenyu anogona kushandura kugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka, kuenzanisira kwechirwere uye mushonga wakasarudzika. Aya ma microchips, anodaidzwa kuti 'organ-on-chips', anopa imwe nzira inogoneka kune yechinyakare yekuongorora mhuka. Pakupedzisira, kubatanidza masisitimu zvachose inzira yekuve neyese "body-on-a-chip" system yakanakira kuwanikwa kwezvinodhaka uye kuongororwa kwemumiriri wezvinodhaka uye kusimbiswa.
Maitiro aya atova chinhu chikuru mukuwanikwa kwezvinodhaka uye nzvimbo yekusimudzira uye takatofukidza mamiriro azvino uye mamiriro e "organ-on-a-chip" paradigm munguva pfupi yapfuura.mini-kuongorora.
Nepo kusahadzika kwakawanda kwaivepo makore 6-7 apfuura, apo maonero epamunda aitaurwa nevatambi vanofarira. Nhasi, zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanoratidzika kuva vari mukuzeza kuzere. Kwete chete vane masangano anodzora uye anopa mariakagamuchira pfungwa, asi iye zvino zviri kuwedzerakugamuchirwasechikuva chekutsvagisa zvinodhaka nevese pharma uye academia. Anopfuura gumi nemaviri enhengo masisitimu anomiririrwa mune-chip masisitimu. Verenga zvakawanda nezvazvohere.
7. Bioprinting
Iyo nharaunda ye bioprinting matishu emunhu uye nhengo iri kukurumidza kukura uye iri, pasina mubvunzo, remangwana remushonga. Yakatangwa muna 2016,Cellinkndeimwe yemakambani ekutanga pasi rose kupa 3D inodhindwa bioink - mvura inogonesa hupenyu uye kukura kwemasero emunhu. Iye zvino kambani bioprints zvikamu zvemuviri - mhino nenzeve, kunyanya kuedza zvinodhaka uye zvizoro. Inodhindawo machubhu anoita kuti vaongorori "vatambe" nemasero anobva munhengo dzevanhu sezviropa.
Cellink nguva pfupi yadarika akabatana neCTI Biotech, kambani yekuFrance medtech inoshanda mukugadzira matishu egomarara, kuitira kufambisira mberi nzvimbo yekutsvagisa cancer uye kuwanikwa kwezvinodhaka.
Iyo diki biotech yekutanga inozobatsira CTI kune 3D kudhinda replicas yemamota egomarara, nekusanganisa iyo Cellink's bioink nemuenzaniso wekenza yemurwere. Izvi zvichabatsira vaongorori mukuona mishonga mitsva inopesana nemhando dzegomarara.
Imwezve biotech yekutanga kugadzira 3D yekutsikisa tekinoroji yekudhinda zvinhu zvipenyu - kambani yeOxford University spinout, OxSyBio, iyoichangobva kuchengetedzwa £10mmu Series A mari.
Nepo 3D bioprinting iri tekinoroji inobatsira zvakanyanya, haina kumira uye haina hupenyu nekuti inotarisa chete mamiriro ekutanga echinhu chakadhindwa. Imwe nzira yepamberi ndeyekubatanidza "nguva" sechikamu chechina mune zvakadhindwa bio-zvinhu (zvinodaidzwa kuti "4D bioprinting"), zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kushandura maumbirwo azvo kana mashandiro avo nenguva iyo yekurudziro yekunze inoiswa.Herendeye wongororo inonzwisisika pane 4D bioprinting.
Kuvhara maonero
Kunyangwe pasina kunyura kwakadzika mune yega yega epamusoro maitiro achangobva kutsanangurwa, zvinofanirwa kuve pachena kuti AI ichange ichitora chikamu chinoramba chichiwedzera chechiito. Idzi dzese nzvimbo nyowani dzebiopharma innovation dzave hombe data centric. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya pachawo anomiririra basa rekutanga reAI, achicherekedza zvakare, sechinyorwa kune ichi chinyorwa chemusoro, kuti AI inosanganisira akawanda, ekuongorora uye manhamba maturusi arikuenderera mberi nekushanduka-shanduka. Iko mashandisirwo eAI mukuwanikwa kwezvinodhaka uye nhanho yekutanga ndeye chikamu chikuru chakanangana nekufumura zvakavanzika mapatani uye fungidziro dzinobatanidza zvikonzero nemhedzisiro neimwe nzira isingazivikanwe kana kunzwisisika.
Nekudaro, iyo subset yeAI maturusi anoshandiswa mukutsvagisa mishonga inowira zvakanyanya pasi pe moniker ye "machine intelligence" kana "muchina kudzidza". Izvi zvinogona kutariswa zvese nekutungamira kwevanhu, semuvagadziri uye nzira dzekudzidza dzenhamba, kana kusatariswa mukushanda kwavo kwemukati sekuitwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeartificial neural network. Mutauro uye semantic kugadzirisa uye probabilistic nzira dzekusavimbika (kana fuzzy) kufunga zvakare inoita basa rinobatsira.
Kunzwisisa kuti mabasa aya akasiyana sei anogona kubatanidzwa mune yakafara chirango che "AI" ibasa rinotyisa iro vese vanofarira vanofanira kuita. Imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekutsvaga tsananguro uye kujekeswa ndeyeData Science Centralportal uye kunyanya mablogiki anotumirwa naVincent Granville, anogara achigarainojekesa misiyanopakati peAI, kutsamira kwemuchina, kudzidza kwakadzama, uye nhamba. Kuve mutauriri pane ins uye kunze kweAI sese chinhu chakakosha chekuramba wakatarisana kana kumberi kwechero biopharma maitiro.
Nguva yekutumira: May-29-2018